History of Ideas 思想史
荣格四型与中医四质Jung’s Four Types and TCM’s Four Constitutions 思维的、情感的、感觉的、直觉的 · 太阳、少阳、太阴、少阴 · 两套平行框架，并置而非强行调和 Thinking, Feeling, Sensing, Intuition · Taiyang, Shaoyang, Taiyin, Shaoyin · Juxtaposed, Not Forced into Equivalence English Across civilizations, thinkers have created typologies to account for divergences in human…
四重道路The Fourfold Path 但丁的三界与佛陀的四谛 · 人类如何用结构回答苦难 Dante’s Three Realms and the Buddha’s Four Truths · How Humanity Uses Structure to Answer Suffering English I first read the Divine Comedy one summer. At the time, I did not know who Dante…
四大哲学传统：中华、希腊、印度、伊斯兰 English The great philosophical traditions of the world are not primarily answer-machines — they are question-refiners. What distinguishes Chinese Confucian-Daoist philosophy, ancient Greek philosophy, Indian philosophy, and Islamic philosophy from each other is less the specific conclusions they reach…
道家四大：道、天、地、人 English Chapter twenty-five of the Tao Te Ching contains what may be the most economical cosmological statement in any philosophical tradition. In the original classical Chinese, it requires just over thirty characters; in any translation, it needs more words…
四次思想启蒙：轴心时代、文艺复兴、启蒙运动、数字时代 English Across human history, there have been moments when established frameworks for understanding the world were subjected to radical questioning, and new frameworks emerged. These are episodes of civilizational self-revision, when humanity collectively reconsidered the foundations of knowledge, ethics,…